The Bill of Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Bill of Rights - Research Paper Example Birthplaces of Bill of Rights Delegates from thirteen new American states drafted the Constitution in 1787 (U.S. Branch of State). It gave the â€Å"blueprint† on the structure and elements of the legislature, yet came up short on a particular framework of human rights (Department of State). Virginia delegate George Mason worried in one of his works: â€Å"The Eyes of the United States are turned upon this Assembly and their Expectations raised to an exceptionally restless Degree† (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration [NARA]). Bricklayer composed the Virginia Declaration of Rights that enlivened Thomas Jefferson in setting up the Declaration of Independence. Artisan left the show disappointed, in light of the fact that it came up short on an affirmation of rights (NARA). Before long, George Mason's conclusions influenced the get together and a warmed conversation on the Bill of Rights started. At the point when James Madison originally composed the correcti ons to the Constitution, which comprised the Bill of Rights, he relied a lot upon the Virginia Declaration of Rights. The Bill of Rights speaks to the definitive articulation of numerous American of qualities: â€Å"the thought that the individual is before and outweighs any government† (NARA; Zinn).

Globalization Has Meant That the Local Is No Longer Important

Wcf Architecture In Depth Information Technology Essay These days dispersed framework turns out to be progressively huge and an extraordinary number of engineers use that innovation to fabricate their applications. One of the most well-known utilized innovations is WCF which represents windows correspondence establishment. WCF is used on windows stage and .NET structure. On .NET system WCF is the primary help arranged model. There are three significant parts in WCF regarding programming model and they are address, official and agreement. In addition, there are two layers in layer structure of WCF and they are Messaging layer and Service Model layer. So as to comprehend WCF profoundly some great highlights of WCF will be presented, for example, unification of various advancements, interoperability with other existing applications and completely support for Service-Oriented turn of events. Watchwords: WCF, administration situated turn of events, design, layers WCF, unification and interoperability. Presentation WCF, which represents Windows Communication Foundation, is used by many conveyed framework application designers for its exceptional points of interest. WCF empowers engineers to construct their applications which can meet various prerequisites by bringing together current appropriated advances. Applications created by using WCF can communicate with different applications created in different dialects and on different stages without any problem. Refreshing advantageously is another bit of leeway WCF has, since it is superfluous to re-send the entire application if just a piece of the arrangement should be altered. Address, authoritative and contract are the three fundamental segments of WCF. Address is utilized to manage the bundles to the goal. Ties duty is to determine the techniques how the parcels are sent. Agreement is accountable for what message the parcels ought to have. The layer structure of WCF will be presented in this examination also. Informing layer and administration model layer are the two layers. WCF makes them remarkable highlights and these highlights will be delineated in the accompanying paper. Administration ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE WCF uses administration arranged as its model, as an outcome, it is important to present the administration situated design (SOA) before presenting WCF. Contrasting with object-arranged engineering, SOA can tackle numerous issues which are raised by object-situated design. For instance, various segments of an application don't rely upon one another firmly, so adjusting applications in order to meet the business needs isn't costly and confounded any more. A portion of the huge highlights and standards will be represented as follows. The meaning of SOA is that SOA contains a lot of administrations and these administrations were planned well by different designers. Consequently, various administrations have an approximately coupled relationship which empowers designer to alter any administrations varying without influencing some other administrations. All the more explicitly, in object-situated model changing just a little piece of the arrangement will lead the entire application to be redeployed. In any case, in SOA all the administrations don't rely upon one another firmly and they are on the whole self-ruling. The customer side of an application has no idea about the execution procedure on the cut off side and the other way around, as an outcome, actualizing and adjusting administrations on both customer and server is adaptable. In the event that a help should be refreshed and the administration is as yet accessible there is no compelling reason to change benefits on the customer side. Constructions and agreeme nts, which are two noteworthy segment of SOA, are two perspectives that SOA focuses on to speak with various hubs instead of classes. As an outcome, SOA empowers the dispersed application stage and language free. Design OF WCF WCF has pulled in an ever increasing number of considerations because of numerous professionals of it. Before WCF was created, what designers used to create applications were DCOM, .NET Remoting or Web administration. Be that as it may, these innovations brought numerous disadvantages including security, cross-stage and execution, etc. After WCF was imagined an incredible number of designers had begun to use the new innovation and the issues referenced above can be explained by WCF totally. So as to see profoundly about WCF, the design of WCF will be represented as follows. wcfabc.png Figure 1[5] Correspondence through the endpoint  ·The most significant parts of WCF are address, authoritative and contract. Address is mindful to educate the information parcel where to go. Restricting is responsible for the route how to speak with the administrations. Agreement is utilized to characterize what the administration contains or what the administration can do. These three segments of WCF are otherwise called ABCs of WCF. Endpoint as appeared in the figure 1 establishes address, authoritative and agreement and it is can be viewed as the entryway for different customers. So as to speak with a help, customers should know the ABCs of that administration. As we probably am aware, the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) is dependable to depict what an endpoint can do and how to get to that endpoint. C:UsersmalongDesktopWCF architecture.jpg Figure 2 [4] WCF Programming Model Figure 2 shows all the segments of WCF programming model more insights regarding this Model will be represented as follows. There are different sides of this programming model and they are customer side and administration side. Customer side The customer side can just comprise of one endpoint which has address, authoritative and contract for each assistance. In the entire program the customer side contains an intermediary which empowers the customer to speak with the administration. When speaking with various administrations the customer can use numerous intermediaries which utilize different endpoints appropriately. An intermediary is used to satisfy the activity of CLR interface which has a similar the capacity as administration contract. Intermediary not exclusively carries out the responsibility of administration contract yet in addition give additional capacities to deal with the existence pattern of an intermediary. All the characteristics of a help are amassed by an intermediary, for example, administration address, administration running condition and transport conventions. Various practices can be characterized by the customer so as to arrange the nearby setup records including instancing, simultaneousness, exch ange control and security. Administration side There can be different endpoints on the administration side and these endpoints are responsible for sending messages to an assistance if there are a few administrations mentioning message sending in. practices do indistinguishable employments from the practices do on the customer side. On the administration side there is a critical part named dispatcher which is identified with the intermediary in the customer side. Intermediary and dispatcher cooperate to change over between techniques that customers want to conjure and WCF messages. Channel dispatcher and endpoint dispatcher establish one channel stack. Channel dispatcher is liable for getting messages from the channel and picking the endpoint dispatcher in which these messages will be managed. Endpoint dispatcher comprises of channels and dispatch runtime. All the more explicitly, the channels ensure the approaching messages are dispatched to the correct capacity inside an assistance object. After the messages are dispatched to the endpoint dispatcher, the message will be move to dispatch-runtime inside that endpoint dispatcher. The object of Dispatch-runtime is used to pick which capacity to call and serialize or de-serialize capacities parameters and control objects lifetime. More insights regarding ABCs of WCF Address Address is used to tell customers where the area of the administration is. Obviously, before a customer can speak with the administration side, it has to know the location of the administration first. The configuration of the location in WCF is URLs. In the URLs, numerous things are characterized including conventions, the location of the terminal offering types of assistance and the way which can empower the customer to gain admittance to the real help. In URLs port number in address isn't fixed and which port number to utilize relies upon the sorts of transmitting conventions. All the more explicitly, there are four pieces of the location segment. Right off the bat, transport plot is capable to characterize the convention which is utilized to move message. Also, Name of the administration machine is utilized to find the machine which offers the types of assistance. In addition, the name for that machine ought to be completely qualified area name which can be meant the correct IP address by some DNS servers. Thirdly, what port number designers can utilize completely dependent on transmitting convention. As a matter of course port 80 is for HTTP address. The last one is way which is the name of the indexes. Here is the organization of address Scheme ://< hostname of administration > [: port number]/path1/path2. Official Restricting assumes a fundamental job of characterizing the strategy to speak with administration side. Restricting is mindful to control transport, channels, encoding and WS conventions. WCF has given countless models of official and these models can nearly fulfill the majority of the designers. Custom restricting can be worked to address the issues of designers who have exceptional requests for the coupling model. All the more explicitly, a coupling can be viewed as a different layered stack which contains one or various channels and these diverts are responsible for preparing information. Transport channel is at the most minimal degree of this stack which is used to adjust the stack to the shipping conventions, for example, TCP, HTTP and SMTP. This extraordinary stack is utilized to gracefully with an idea. Also, that idea is dependable to characterize in what direction the message ought to be sent and to characterize what the messages ought to contain or what conventions ought to be utilized for transmission. Agreement Agreement is utilized to characterize what a message ought to contain or what benefits the administration side can give. All the more explicitly, the agreement characterizes what administrations should be presented to outside in this way choosing what to execute inside. Also, contract empowers th

Fields Of Psychology :: essays research papers

Brain science (Ph.D. Code: PSY) Fields of study: Clinical, psychological, and social brain research; neuroscience and conduct; visual observation. The program offers doctoral investigation for understudies who mean to become mental researchers or researcher experts. Understudies who intend to end their examinations with the graduate degree are not urged to apply. Confirmation isn't restricted to understudies with undergrad foundations in brain science. Hypothesis, strategy, and research involvement with various zones of mental science are underlined. Course prerequisites are sorted out into the three expansive regions of intellectual science, neuroscience, and clinical science. Understudies have escalated inquire about preparing with singular workforce in the regions of clinical brain research, insight, utilitarian imaging, observation, psychobiology, tangible neurophysiology, and social brain research. Understudies in clinical brain research are additionally given broad preparing in clinical aptitudes. Major pract icum offices in which understudies get regulated clinical or potentially applied research preparing are found in the Vanderbilt Medical Center and different establishments in Nashville. The division is in a structure which offers liberal research center space for individual and gathering explores different avenues regarding human subjects, and offices for creature experimentation. It has an automated study hall and associations with the grounds centralized server PCs. Electronic gear for neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and psychophysics is additionally accessible and is particularly appropriate for chip away at tactile frameworks. Human subjects are accessible through a University explore pool, Vanderbilt centers, and the neighborhood educational system. What's more, the office has a creature office giving a wide assortment of animal categories, including fish, rodents, and primates. Workforce: 22 Graduate enlistment: In home 37; normal in entering class 5-8 Address: 111 21st Avenue South; 37240 Telephone: (615) 322-2874 Email: patricia.m.burns@vanderbilt.edu [Psychology] Brain research and Human Development (M.S., Ph.D. Code: GPSY) Fields of study: Clinical, intellectual investigations, network, formative, and quantitative brain science. The Clinical program centers basically around issues confronting youngsters and families. Employees study the advancement of forceful conduct and sorrow in youngsters and teenagers; mental variables going with formative inability and incessant physical sickness; the job of networks in emotional well-being; intellectual mediation for learning and social issues; and the conveyance of psychological well-being administrations to kids, youth, and families. The objective of the clinical program is to instruct analysts as researchers and professionals with the goal that they may seek after an assortment of vocation ways. The Cognitive Studies program centers around lab and field-based investigation into subjective procedures as they happen in formal and casual learning circumstances. Regions of research accentuation incorporate discernment, guidance, and innovation; subjective turn of events;

Major Universities in Australia Essay - 1375 Words

Major Universities in Australia (Term Paper Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateWEBSITE ASSESSMENT.IntroductionThis paper provides an analysis of websites of three major universities in Australia: The University of Sydney, The University of Queensland and Monash University. This analysis is based on ease of navigation, presentation, integration, metaphors and mental models on these websites in comparison to the Marymount University website.OverviewFigure 1.0The University of Queensland better known as UQ is among the leading research and teaching institutions in Australia. It was founded on 10th December 1909. The University of Queensland is among the top 100 universities worldwide, as indicated by most major independent university rankings. In 2013, the university had around 50,000 students with more than 10,000 international students from 142 nations. The university boasts of more than 200,000 alumni including the Nobel laureate and the CEO of Fortune 500 company. It occupies 1418 hectares, and its library has two milli on volumes. Figure 1.0 shows a screenshot of their website.Figure 1.1The University of Sydney was created in early 1850s as an institution to suit the needs of New South Wales. It has student enrollment of around 50,000 and an academic staff of 3350. They have more than 270,000 alumni worldwide. They had 286 student exchange agreements in more than 30 countries as of 31st March 2016. Figure 1.1 shows their current websiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s homepage.Figure 1.3The Monarsh University is named after a famous engineer, military leader and public administrator Sir John Monash. It was established in 1958. The university is ranked among the top one percent of world universities by most major college rankings. Figure 1.3 shows their main website homepage.DiscussionThe University of Sydney website has the institution logo on the top left corner of all the pages throughout the website. It represents the universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s importance. The website has photos showing students doing different activi ties showing their value for the students. However, the site uses very few images compared to the University of Marymount website. The websites main color is white which makes it calm and comfortable to interact with it.The University of Sydneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s website has a better mental model as compared to Marymount University website. It has the content very well organized and easy to understand. Information is grouped into future students information, current students, visitors and community, alumni and donors, about the university, international, research and innovation and staff information. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s therefore very easy to get any information one may be searching for at a glance. The websiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s top menu has drop-down submenus with more information that makes navigation very easy. The site is also easy to interact as it provides a feedback form that will help in collecting the peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s opinions ant, therefore, make improvements on the website accordingly.Th e site maintains ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s relation with all related people including and data is well organized based on that. It's therefore very easy to navigate through specific categories. The website further simplifies usability by providing a quick links drop down menu that makes it easier to find links that one may be trying to search. It also has a search box that makes it easy to find any information. It's therefore very easy for anyone to interact with this website. This site could be considered a task oriented website as it provides well organized for all individuals.The University of Queensland Universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s homepage has several rolling photos of students, staff and other members of the institution. The first and most conspicuous photo shows a group of happy students taking part in a discussion. It also has a logo on the top right section. The primary color of the website is a shade of purple and black with black and white texts and blue color for the links.UQà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mental model is very similar to that of Marymount University. It has its data well organized and grouped into necessary information about the institution, news, future students, jobs, teaching and training, research, alumni and international. This is a more general mental model, and therefore ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s easy to find any information on the website. This website has a staff section that can only be accessed by staff members. This is done by including a login section with a username and a password field that must be filled correctly before accessing it. This provides high levels of security on the website. This also indicates some levels of moderation on this website. The maps provided on the website provides location information that may be important to guest visitors.The website also provides a search box making it easier to find any information one may be trying to find. The well-organized information also makes it easy to find information quickly. The purple color also provide s a calm experience to the user. The websiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s top menu provides easy navigation for any user. The overall design of this website is, therefore, simpler compared to that of Marymount University. The websites footer also makes navigation easier by providing quick links making navigation easy.The Monash University website has a simple design. Its primary colors are blue and white. It has the institution logo on the top right corner and has rolling photos some of them showing students. The homepage also has a picture of a student taking her practicals showing how high they value academics. This website also has a footer containing quick links and provides maps showing directions to different campuses and other important places related to the institution. This is helpful to guest visitors. There is also a login section to access the staff area.This website has a very clear mental model with its content organized and distributed efficiently throughout the site. Their top menu provides easy access to the about and history information, rese...

The Consequences Of Ophelia In William Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a compelling story filled with suffering, revenge, and manipulation. While these are all aspects that come together to create a memorable and thought-provoking play, they also result in the downfall of various characters. With these unfortunate individuals, Shakespeare shows that it is not necessarily one’s actions, but their situation that decides whether they lose it all. In this play, the victims’ suffering is not their own doing, but instead it is caused by the situations they were manipulated into by other individuals. Ophelia, Gertrude, and even Hamlet himself are all victims that have these sorts of situations imposed on them by characters who mean only to benefit themselves. One of the multiple†¦show more content†¦She is one of the first people he meets when he starts to put on the act, and in their interactions he emotionally traumatises her. The first time they meet Hamlet acts so out of hand that Ophelia claims that Hamlet acted â€Å"as if he had been loose’d out of hell† (II. i. 93). Moreover, Hamlet persists to play with her emotions when he tells â€Å"get thee to a nunnery† (III. i. 131), and it is all done to present a believable madness. It is evident that Hamlet’s discarding of Ophelia likely plays a role in her madness throughout her singing: Quoth she ‘Before you tumbled me, You promised me to wed He answers: ‘So would I’a done, by younder sun, An thou hadst not come to my bed’ (IV. v. 67-71). Hamlet’s faà §ade is meant to convince everyone that he is mad, yet in the end it does not end up helping him to enact his revenge. Instead it puts Ophelia into an emotional state that causes her to lose her mind, and consequently drives her to end her own life. The queen Gertrude is also an example of a character who is forced into difficult, and even deadly positions. She is a character who is kind to her son, loyal to her new husband, and does nothing out of line. Despite all this Hamlet faults her for marrying his uncle. Hamlet is struggling to deal with his grief, and his solution is to take it out on his mother. He calls her marriage immoral by saying, â€Å"She married. O, most wicked speed, to post / With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!† (I. ii. 161-162). Additionally,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Longing For Revenge1304 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Revenge William Shakespeare was born in England in April of 1564 and was an English poet and playwright . Shakespeare is universally known as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare frequently produced tragedies that are continuously acted out today, along with many plays and sonnets.. Although Shakespeare is seen today as a great writer who changed the world, his reputation did not rise to these heights until around the 19th century. In all of Shakespeare’s astounding playsRead MoreThe Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesDate The Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character The name Ophelia has been most commonly associated with William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, where she is referred to as the title characters mad lover. She is believed to have killed herself out of madness by drowning herself in a river. Interpretations about Ophelias character have ranged from being a woman who lost her sanity upon her father, Polonius death to being the object of hatred by Hamlet. However, despite her supporting character in the playRead MoreHamlet and Play Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet Essay The act of revenge never fails to accomplish Shakespeare’s goal of keeping the audience in their seats. Hamlet, William Shakespeare’s most well written play carries the theme of revenge or redemption throughout the play. Redemption is defined to be as the desire to undo an injury or a wrongdoing. Many characters felt that they needed to redeem themselves however in doing so, they ended up facing death. For some characters, revenge had sprouted from their urges to redeem themselvesRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead More The Real and Feigned Madness of Hamlet and Ophelia Essay example514 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeares Hamlet, a kind of madness ultimately infects everyone, leading to an ending in which almost every major character is dead. Two of these maddened characters are Hamlet and Ophelia, who also share a love for each other. But though their irrational behavior is often similar and their fates alike, one is truly mad while the other is not. Both Hamlet and Ophelia act very strangely. Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, insults everyone around him. He tells Ophelia he never loved herRead MoreFor A Majority Of History, Societies Have Often Positioned1266 Words   |  6 Pagesmen on a higher pedestal than women. This inequitable arrangement has regrettably caused men en masse to treat women, especially their wives, as their own personal property rather than people. In one of William Shakespeare’s more well known works, Hamlet, one of the main female characters, Ophelia, has a life that is unfortunately no different; she has been objectified by not only the society she was born into, but also the men in her life. The key aspect of this essay discusses how the discriminatoryRead MoreThe Analysis of the Character Ophelia on Hamlet Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Ophelia is the most static character in the play. Instead of changing through the course of the play, she remains suffering in the misfortunes perpetrated upon her. She falls into insanity and dies a tragic death. Ophelia has issues surviving without a male influence, and her downfall is when all the men in her life abandon her. Hamlet’s Ophelia, is a tragic, insane character that cannot exist on her own. In Elizabethan times, Ophelia is restricted as a woman. SheRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1356 Words   |  6 PagesMacioch Ms. Yulico English 101 30 December 2015 In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, it is clearly evident Prince Hamlet is overcome with â€Å"madness† due to his father’s murder and other malicious actions taken against him. Throughout the play, there are many examples of how Hamlet displays his insanity due to certain situations he experiences and how he handles them. Hamlet shows his madness through the killing of Polonius, his treatment of Ophelia, his thoughts of suicide, and the treatment of hisRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’ s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Hamlet by William Shakespeare817 Words   |  4 Pagesover the loss of a friend or loved one. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet’s obsessive thoughts about the deaths of others lead to his timely demise. The deaths of his father, Ophelia, and Polonius have different impacts on Hamlet’s state of mind. His father’s death invokes revengeful thoughts of killing the King. Ophelia’s death skews Hamlet’s vision of death. The death of Polonius shows the repercussions of Hamlet’s aggressive impulse. Clearly, Hamlet is fascinated by death throughout the play

Dont lower the drinking Age - 1229 Words

Despite the problems that would arise, many people are beginning to feel that the drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. Studies have been made; however, no hard evidence suggesting lowering the minimum drinking age would help have surfaced. Although there are countless studies of how alcohol has many harmful effects on teenagers, there is a great deal of negative criticism about what if the drinking age is lowered. Some would say the morally right decision is to not allow teens the chance to hurt themselves. Everyone is entitled to having his or her own opinions and beliefs. However, the overall health of the youth of our country seems a little more important than some personal belief. The drinking age should not be†¦show more content†¦Considering that many teens are drinking illegally and also choosing to drive, many teens in our nation are lacking maturity. In Dying of Acceptance it states, â€Å"Alcohol abuse is involved in almost thirty percent of all academic problems, and about one-third of all emotional difficulties. A study done by the Nemours foundation found that teens who drink alcohol regularly are more likely to have problems in school, try drugs, and be delinquent† (Esherick 60). In addition to this fact, American teens show more likelihood to develop long-term alcoholism. Alcohol, like certain other drugs, is relatively easy to acquire. Some might even feel that alcohol is better than other drugs due to its easy accessibility. â€Å"Alcohol, like nicotine, is a gateway to later use of drugs† (Esherick 64). Gateway drugs are truly a gateway to trouble. Teens are more susceptible to the influence of drugs. If drugs are taken in the teenage years, its likely that the teen will become addicted to the substances with little continuation. This shows how dangerous drugs can be and how a legal drug can be just as dangerous as an illegal drug. Drug use can result in highly delinquent behavior. Alone, drug use can create unwanted tensions. Young adults who use alcohol are not in the best state of mind, and will often influence the younger adolescents. Juvenile delinquency is commonly defined as general misbehavior involving children under the age of eighteen;Show MoreRelatedLowering The Alcohol Drinking Age1602 Words   |  7 Pages Lowering The Alcohol Drinking Age Now a day’s teens that are under the age of twenty-one are out in trouble and drinking. They know that they are not old enough to drink and that is what makes them want to drink even more. Teens drink when they are not suppose to, but they know that when they drink, they must stay out of trouble. Lowering the alcohol drinking age will keep a bunch of teens out of trouble. If teens can stay safe while drinking then they should allow eighteen year olds to drinkRead MoreDrinking Age Annotated Bibliography Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesChange the Age to Save the Lives The legal drinking age in the United States is the only age that is above 19 years of age. Everywhere else in the world the age is 19 and under and some countries don’t even have a drinking age. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because it will help all the problems that come with underage drinking. There is a numerous amount of reasons to change the drinking age to 18 and there are also many opposing thoughts on it as well. Three reasons to lower the drinkingRead MoreBang! A Soldier Just Got Shot, And Most Likely P Never1676 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom of drinking? The drinking age was moved to the age of 21 in 1984 due to many drunk drivers. Now I think everyone gets the point not to drink and drive due to the serious consequences. If we lowered the drinking age underage drinking wouldn’t be as big. More money for our government will be made, therefore we can buy and reproduce more goods. The drinking age should be lowered, because it will stop binge drinkin g, you are considered an adult at age 18, and it helps colleges. Binge Drinking is whenRead MoreEssay on Wrong Age, Wrong Choice: Alcohol Abuse789 Words   |  4 Pagescrime ,which happens almost everyday and kill many people. But a lot of people really don’t understand the actual dangers of alcohol. So they want to lower the minimum drinking age from 21 to 18 because they think 18 years old adult is enough mature to handle. Although in reality, it would kill sociality and the country because of those people who never think for the action before they do. Lowering the Drinking Age Law is the worse choice for the government to do and most people absolutely oppose.Read MoreLower the Drinking Age Essay examples1430 Words   |  6 Pages Lowering the drinking age to 18 would help prevent the crime and personal injuries that are caused by alcohol abuse. Although many states are trying to get the drinking age lowered, there are many groups and national statistics that are keeping the drinking set at 21. For example, â€Å"The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says laws setting the drinking age at 21 have cut traffic fatalities involving drivers by 13 percent† (Keen). They are hoping that by keeping the age set at 21, peopleRead MoreEssay about Drinking Age Controversy1076 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking Age Controversy In the United States, a citizen is considered an â€Å"adult† at the age of 18, and with that new title comes many responsibilities, such as the right to vote and to join the army. However, the legal drinking age in America is twenty-one. This issue has been a major controversy for some time now that faces both national and state governments. Should the drinking age be lowered to the age when legally a person becomes an adult and assumes all other adult responsibilities,Read MoreThe Prohibition Of Alcohol Drinking Age1587 Words   |  7 PagesFour Score, and three years ago,our fathers ended our countries prohibition of alcohol. Are country now is still fighting a prohibition,a prohibition not allowing people under the age of 21 consume alcohol. This issue is often just thrown off to the side of the many politicians, but this issue is a major issue that needs to be dealt with immediately. There are 18 year olds risking their lives on the blood drenched war zones. They ar e fighting and risking their lives to give us the right to drinkRead More18 vs. 21: Drinking Age1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdo people only want to change the drinking age from 21 to 18, when there are other activities that have limit of age such as marriage at 18, driving at 16 and 35 to be a president? Alcohol plays a major role in today society, which becomes a controversial issue among teens. Alcohol is a mind-altering chemical that is potentially more dangerous than any other drug and can be very destructive. For past few years, many people are trying to lower the drinking age without knowing the negative effectsRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age ( Tietjen )1700 Words   |  7 PagesLegal Drinking Age On July 17 of 1984 President Ronald Reagan signed to make the National Minimum Drinking Age Act a law. This law required all states to have a minimum drinking age of 21, if a state did not comply with this law they could face up to a 10% cut in funding for their federal highways (Tietjen). Since this act became a law there has been two distinct sides arguing whether they agree with the minimum drinking age, or whether they disagree. One side believes having a minimum drinking ageRead MoreNegative Effects of Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in America1292 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at the drinking age in many nations, a trend of relatively young minimum legal drinking ages (MLDA) can be seen around the world. As it stands, all of America’s 50 states employ a MLDA of 21 making America one of only seven countries in the world to have a drinking age set at 21; the oldest age set as the minimum legal drinking age in the world. Where many of our friends in Europe are happi ly drinking away at 18, many here in America are left wondering why we don’t employ the same age requirement

Corporate Finance Principles of Corporate Finance

Question: Describe about the Principles of Corporate Finance? Answer: Conflict between managements goals and maximizing shareholders wealth Shareholders are the owners of the company by buying the shares. The profits of the company are distributed among the shareholders according to proportion of holding the shares. The managers of the company engage in maximizing the wealth of the company. But, shareholders are interested in increasing the stock price of the company (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2009). The rising of stock price, the value of the company increases. As well as, net worth of shareholders can increase. The conflict arises between the shareholders and managers for the different objectives (Brealey, Myers and Marcus, 2009). It is also denoted as agency problem. It can be thought by the people that the managers own the company. It may be true for small scale business organization. The owner of small business firm is one and he also may act as a manager. But, in a big business organization, there are various levels of management and employees. They are not the owners of the company in actual. In general, the profits are not distributed to the managers of the organization except their salaries. If they hold the share of the company, the profits are distributed. Sometimes company provides bonus share or share at discount price to the employees. The managers of the company are controlled and regulated by Board of Directors. The numbers of shareholders in large organization are so high may be 100, 1000 or more. It is not possible to involve actively by the all shareholders in management. So, the responsibility and authority are delegated to the managers. Managers are called agents of the company. They have the managerial ability to run the business with their own interest except of the best interest of the organization. This is because of asymmetric information between managers and shareholders (McGuigan et al., 2009). Managers have the better knowledge than the owners of the company whether they are able to meet the objectives of owners. Another reason of agency problem is uncertainty. There are large numbers of factors which has impact on the contribution to final outcomes and there are no direct evident that agent has positive and negative impact on the given outcome. Evidence regarding the own interest of managerial behav ior involves the utilization of corporate assets in such way which may create extra benefit avoiding the optimal position of risk. Some managers who like avoid the risk can diverse from the profitable opportunities where the owners may have the interest to invest. It is recognized by the external investors that company will take decision opposite to interest of them. Managers may be motivated and pressurized to act as the interest of the owners through incentives, hard rules regulation and punishment. These can be applied effectively if the shareholders do observation all actions of the managers. The moral hazard problem is that it is difficult to monitor and control all the actions of the managers by the shareholders and agency cost is incurred to reduce that problem (Parrino and Kidwell, 2009). There are two major actions through which the agency problem can be mitigated. It can be mitigated by compensating the managers of the organization on the basis of changes in stock price. By applying this action, agency can be decreased because the managers get attracted through incentives for maximizing the shareholders wealth. But, it is difficult for hiring the talented managers under this condition because the earnings of the firm depend on the economic events which are not under control of management. The second action is to control and monitor the managerial actions. But it is very costly and inefficient. To overcome the above situations, the followings steps can be taken to motivate the managers to operate the business according to the interest o shareholders: 1. Providing incentive to the managers according to their performance.2. Making direct intervention and interaction by the shareholders with the managers.Fearing of getting fired. The threat of getting fired can encourage the managers to act.Fearing of takeover can also encourage the managers. There are two employees Loren and Dale who work in Sports Product Ltd. They work in the shipping department. One day, at the time of lunch break, they started to discuss regarding the company. According Dale, the share price of the company had decreased over last few months though he had worked efficiently without wasting materials of packaging. She was also frustrated because the profits of the firm had been increasing. Then Loren said to her regarding the profit distribution plan of the company. The company distributed its profits partially to the manager for compensation. She told that the profit may also important to the management. According to Dale, it had no sense as the shareholders own the company. So, this case describes the agency problem in well. The company is distributing its profits to the managers without paying any dividend. Therefore, the managers should encourage for the interest of shareholders to raise the stock price. Evaluation of Companies AGL Energy Ltd. AGL Energy is an Australian company of energy supplier. It provides gas and electricity service to larger than 6 million in Australia. AGL is making great effort to become a renowned integrated company of energy in the world investing majorly in supply of gas and electricity. The company is listed in Australian Security Exchange. The code is AGK. It is also an SP/ASX 50 company which has market capitalization of A$5.2 billion. It is operating for 170 years in Australia. AGK has faced several challenges in past few years. The demand of the electricity has also decreases and there is tough completion in energy retail sector. The company has faced with bad weather effects and poor regulatory outcomes on pricing of energy. These have created impact on the earnings and stock price of AGK. The company fell under pressure regarding its earnings and share price. Though the company is facing with several risks and challenges, it is noted some improvement of trading environment. But, it is not enough for trading. The report of FY 2015 also describe that growth is in difficult situation. The current share price is near A$15.00 which comes under tiny stock. So, it is not better for the current investment. But, it is expected that the price would improve in future. Atlas Iron Ltd. Atlas is an iron ore company in Australia. It is an independent company in mining and exporting Direct Shipping Ore. It operates in the region of Northern Pilbara in Australia (Western). It is listed in Australian Security Exchange from 2004. The company is growing rapidly in terms of iron ore mining. The market performance of Atlas Iron Ltd is not good. The current price of share is very low i.e. A$0.16. There is expectation of raising its price from the past analysis. The price of share is declining over the period. According to the report of 2014, the paid dividend was A$0.02. It has decreased 33.33% from the last year. It is expected that the company may not able to pay any dividend in upcoming financial year. The EPS was also very low in last year and the growth is more negative. The profitability position of the company is not also good. So, it is not better both for current and future investment because the share is underperforming. Amp Ltd. Amp Ltd. provides financial services in Australia and New Zealand. In current scenario, it is a leading company of wealth management (Ngoc Huy, 2013). The company is operating it services from than 160 years. The present customers of the company are more than 4 million. It provides various financial services such as financial advice, income plan for retirement and other investment products for individuals, etc. From the past history, it is expected that the share price may grow. The price has grown 30% from the last year. The company has paid dividend of A$0.26 in 2014 which has increased 13% from the last year and it is expected that it would pay dividend of A$0.29 in upcoming year. The average EPS growth rate is positive. It is the better option to buy the share of Amp Ltd. and should hold it for future gain. References Books: Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F. (2009). Principles of corporate finance. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Marcus, A. (2009). Fundamentals of corporate finance. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. McGuigan, J., Kretlow, W., Moyer, R. and McGuigan, J. (2009). Contemporary corporate finance. [Mason, Ohio]: South-Western. Parrino, R. and Kidwell, D. (2009). Fundamentals of corporate finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Journal: Faff, R. and Mittoo, U. (n.d.). Capital Market Integration and Industrial Structure: The Case of Australia, Canada and The United States. SSRN Journal. Ngoc Huy, D. (2013). The Volatility of Market Risk In Viet Nam Listed Banking, Insurance and Financial Services Company Groups after the Financial Crisis 2009-2011. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 3(3), p.127.